Optimal. Leaf size=428 \[ \frac {b^2-2 a c+b c x^2}{a \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x}+\frac {2 \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}-\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{c} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{a^{7/4} \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (2 b^2+\sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c}-6 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{2 a^{7/4} \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.14, antiderivative size = 428, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 5, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 20, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.250, Rules used = {1135, 1295,
1211, 1117, 1209} \begin {gather*} \frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (\sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c}-6 a c+2 b^2\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{2 a^{7/4} \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{c} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \text {ArcTan}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{a^{7/4} \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 x \left (b^2-4 a c\right )}+\frac {2 \sqrt {c} x \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}+\frac {-2 a c+b^2+b c x^2}{a x \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 1117
Rule 1135
Rule 1209
Rule 1211
Rule 1295
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{x^2 \left (a+b x^2+c x^4\right )^{3/2}} \, dx &=\frac {b^2-2 a c+b c x^2}{a \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {\int \frac {-2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right )-b c x^2}{x^2 \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{a \left (b^2-4 a c\right )}\\ &=\frac {b^2-2 a c+b c x^2}{a \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x}+\frac {\int \frac {a b c+2 c \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) x^2}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right )}\\ &=\frac {b^2-2 a c+b c x^2}{a \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x}-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-3 a c\right )\right ) \int \frac {1-\frac {\sqrt {c} x^2}{\sqrt {a}}}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{a^{3/2} \left (b^2-4 a c\right )}+\frac {\left (\sqrt {a} b c^{3/2}+2 c \left (b^2-3 a c\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \, dx}{a^{3/2} \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-4 a c\right )}\\ &=\frac {b^2-2 a c+b c x^2}{a \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}-\frac {2 \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) x}+\frac {2 \sqrt {c} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}{a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )}-\frac {2 \sqrt [4]{c} \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} E\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{a^{7/4} \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \left (2 b^2+\sqrt {a} b \sqrt {c}-6 a c\right ) \left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a+b x^2+c x^4}{\left (\sqrt {a}+\sqrt {c} x^2\right )^2}} F\left (2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} x}{\sqrt [4]{a}}\right )|\frac {1}{4} \left (2-\frac {b}{\sqrt {a} \sqrt {c}}\right )\right )}{2 a^{7/4} \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 10.86, size = 515, normalized size = 1.20 \begin {gather*} -\frac {2 \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \left (-4 a^2 c+2 b^2 x^2 \left (b+c x^2\right )+a \left (b^2-7 b c x^2-6 c^2 x^4\right )\right )-i \left (b^2-3 a c\right ) \left (-b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) x \sqrt {\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 b-2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} E\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )+i \left (-b^3+4 a b c+b^2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}-3 a c \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}\right ) x \sqrt {\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+2 c x^2}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} \sqrt {\frac {2 b-2 \sqrt {b^2-4 a c}+4 c x^2}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} F\left (i \sinh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x\right )|\frac {b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}{b-\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}\right )}{2 a^2 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \sqrt {\frac {c}{b+\sqrt {b^2-4 a c}}} x \sqrt {a+b x^2+c x^4}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [A]
time = 0.08, size = 536, normalized size = 1.25
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {2 c \left (\frac {\left (2 a c -b^{2}\right ) x^{3}}{2 \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right ) a^{2}}+\frac {b \left (3 a c -b^{2}\right ) x}{2 a^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right ) c}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (x^{4}+\frac {b \,x^{2}}{c}+\frac {a}{c}\right ) c}}-\frac {\sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{a^{2} x}+\frac {\left (-\frac {b}{a^{2}}+\frac {b \left (3 a c -b^{2}\right )}{a^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}-\frac {\left (\frac {c \left (2 a c -b^{2}\right )}{\left (4 a c -b^{2}\right ) a^{2}}+\frac {c}{a^{2}}\right ) a \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )-\EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}\) | \(536\) |
elliptic | \(-\frac {2 c \left (\frac {\left (2 a c -b^{2}\right ) x^{3}}{2 \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right ) a^{2}}+\frac {b \left (3 a c -b^{2}\right ) x}{2 a^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right ) c}\right )}{\sqrt {\left (x^{4}+\frac {b \,x^{2}}{c}+\frac {a}{c}\right ) c}}-\frac {\sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}{a^{2} x}+\frac {\left (-\frac {b}{a^{2}}+\frac {b \left (3 a c -b^{2}\right )}{a^{2} \left (4 a c -b^{2}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}}-\frac {\left (\frac {c \left (2 a c -b^{2}\right )}{\left (4 a c -b^{2}\right ) a^{2}}+\frac {c}{a^{2}}\right ) a \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {4-\frac {2 \left (-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \sqrt {4+\frac {2 \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right ) x^{2}}{a}}\, \left (\EllipticF \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )-\EllipticE \left (\frac {x \sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}}{2}, \frac {\sqrt {-4+\frac {2 b \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}{a c}}}{2}\right )\right )}{2 \sqrt {\frac {-b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}}{a}}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{2}+a}\, \left (b +\sqrt {-4 a c +b^{2}}\right )}\) | \(536\) |
risch | \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) | \(1450\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^{2} \left (a + b x^{2} + c x^{4}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {could not integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{x^2\,{\left (c\,x^4+b\,x^2+a\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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